Constitution Day in the Philippines

Constitution Day in the Philippines is observed annually on February 2. This day commemorates the anniversary of the 1987 Philippine Constitution’s ratification, which serves as the supreme law of the Republic of the Philippines. It is a time for citizens to reflect on the democratic principles, civil liberties, and government structures that protect the rights of every Filipino.

History of Constitution Day in the Philippines

The current observance marks the nationwide plebiscite held on February 2, 1987, where the Filipino people overwhelmingly voted to adopt a new constitution. This document was drafted by a Constitutional Commission appointed by President Corazon Aquino following the 1986 People Power Revolution. The revolution had successfully ended years of authoritarian rule, creating an urgent need for a permanent legal framework to replace the provisional “Freedom Constitution.” The 1987 charter was designed specifically to prevent the return of a dictatorship by introducing a complex system of checks and balances among the executive, legislative, and judicial branches.

On February 11, 1987, President Aquino issued Proclamation No. 58, officially announcing the results of the plebiscite and confirming the constitution’s ratification. However, the date chosen for the annual celebration remained February 2 to honor the actual day the citizens exercised their right to vote. In 1988, Proclamation No. 211 formally declared February 2 as Constitution Day. This replaced previous dates used for earlier versions of the country’s supreme law, such as the 1935 Commonwealth Constitution or the 1899 Malolos Constitution, ensuring that the holiday remains tied to the modern era of Philippine democracy.

Why is Constitution Day in the Philippines important?

This day is vital because it reinforces the concept that sovereignty resides in the people and all government authority emanates from them. The 1987 Constitution contains a comprehensive Bill of Rights that guarantees fundamental freedoms, such as the right to free speech, peaceful assembly, and due process. By observing this day, the nation acknowledges the legal protections that prevent the abuse of power and ensure that the government operates under the rule of law. It serves as a reminder of the peaceful transition to democracy and the collective will required to maintain it.

Furthermore, the holiday provides an opportunity to educate the youth about the structure of the Philippine government. It highlights the roles of independent constitutional commissions, such as the Commission on Elections and the Commission on Audit, which are essential for maintaining transparency and accountability. Understanding these institutions helps citizens participate more effectively in civic life and motivates them to uphold the duties and responsibilities associated with their national identity.

• It commemorates the restoration of democratic processes in the country.
• The day emphasizes the legal supremacy of the constitution over all officials.
• It highlights the specific human rights protections afforded to every citizen.
• Educators use the date to teach students about the three branches of government.
• It serves as a tribute to the peaceful revolution that led to the charter’s creation.

How to Celebrate Constitution Day in the Philippines

Observing this day typically involves educational and civic activities organized by government agencies and schools. The Department of Education and the Commission on Higher Education often direct institutions to hold seminars, symposiums, or essay-writing contests focused on constitutional awareness. These events aim to deepen the public’s understanding of their rights and the history of the nation’s legal evolution. Public forums may also feature legal experts who discuss the current relevance of the constitution in addressing modern social and economic challenges.

In many communities, local leaders hold commemorative programs that involve the singing of the national anthem and the recitation of the preamble to the constitution. While it is not a public holiday that closes businesses, the day is marked by flag-raising ceremonies in government offices and the display of the national colors. Many Filipinos use the day to engage in discussions about civic duty or to read through the articles of the constitution to better understand their legal standing within the republic.

• Participate in school-led seminars regarding the Bill of Rights.
• Read the Preamble of the 1987 Constitution to reflect on national goals.
• Watch televised forums or lectures featuring constitutional law experts.
• Attend a flag-raising ceremony at a local government center.
• Share educational infographics about Philippine laws on social media.

Constitution Day in the Philippines Dates Table