Liberation Day San Marino

Liberation Day San Marino is observed annually on February 5. This national holiday commemorates the restoration of the country’s independence in 1740 following a brief but aggressive military occupation. It is celebrated simultaneously with the Feast of Saint Agatha, who is the co-patron saint of the Republic, making the day a dual celebration of political freedom and religious devotion for the Sammarinese people.

History of Liberation Day San Marino

The historical significance of this date stems from the “Alberonian occupation” of the 18th century. In October 1739, Cardinal Giulio Alberoni, acting as a legate of the Papal States, invaded the neutral Republic of San Marino with the intent of annexing it. Alberoni sought to expand the Vatican’s territorial power and forced the citizens to submit to a new constitution. The people of San Marino responded with a campaign of civil disobedience and managed to send secret letters to Pope Clement XII to appeal for justice and the restoration of their sovereignty.

Pope Clement XII recognized the legitimacy of San Marino’s independence and ordered the cardinal to withdraw. On February 5, 1740, the Republic was officially liberated and its self-governance restored. Because this victory occurred on the feast day of Saint Agatha, the Sammarinese people attributed their success to her divine intercession. As a result, she was declared a co-patron saint of the nation, joining Saint Marinus in the country’s highest religious honors.

Why is Liberation Day San Marino important?

This holiday is a vital reminder of the Republic’s resilience as the oldest sovereign state and constitutional republic in the world. For a tiny nation landlocked by Italy, the ability to successfully repel external threats is a point of immense national pride. The day emphasizes the value of self-determination and the historical “Relinquo vos liberos ab utroque homine” (I leave you free from both men) philosophy that has guided the country since its founding in 301 AD.

Culturally, the event merges the state’s political identity with its religious heritage. It serves as a time for the community to reflect on the courage of their ancestors who chose civil resistance over subjugation. The annual ceremonies reinforce the bond between the citizens and their unique governing institutions, such as the Captains Regent, ensuring that the legacy of freedom is passed down through generations.

• It marks the end of the only successful invasion of San Marino in the 18th century.
• The day celebrates Saint Agatha as the divine protector of Sammarinese liberty.
• It reaffirms the country’s status as an independent enclave with its own laws.
• The holiday honors the diplomatic skill used to regain sovereignty without war.
• It fosters national unity through shared historical and religious rituals.

How to Observe Liberation Day San Marino

The day is marked by formal civic and religious ceremonies held in the historic center of San Marino. A primary highlight is the evocative procession that travels from Borgo Maggiore up the slopes of Mount Titano to the Basilica del Santo. This parade features the Captains Regent, other high-ranking government officials, and members of the military corps in full ceremonial uniform. The procession is a solemn yet colorful event that attracts both locals and tourists to the medieval streets.

Visitors and residents also attend a special Holy Mass in the Crypt of Saint Agatha to honor the co-patroness. Following the official ceremonies, the atmosphere becomes more festive with musical performances by the Military Band in Piazza della Libertà. Many families celebrate by preparing traditional Sammarinese dishes, such as nidi di rondine (pasta “swallows’ nests”) or roast rabbit with fennel. It is also a popular time for collectors to acquire commemorative coins and stamps released by the state to mark the anniversary.

• Watch the uniformed military parade through the streets of the capital.
• Attend the solemn religious ceremony held at the Basilica of San Marino.
• Visit the Piazza della Libertà to see the flag-raising at the Public Palace.
• Enjoy a traditional meal of pasta and local DOC wines with family.
• Explore the historical museum to view documents related to the 1740 liberation.

Liberation Day San Marino Dates Table