Malta Republic Day

Malta Republic Day is observed annually on December 13. This national holiday, known locally as Jum ir-Repubblika, marks the pivotal moment when Malta ceased to be a constitutional monarchy and officially became a republic.

History of Malta Republic Day

Although Malta gained independence from the United Kingdom on September 21, 1964, the British monarch, Queen Elizabeth II, initially remained the Head of State. For a decade, the island nation operated as a Commonwealth realm, meaning that while it was self-governing, its highest constitutional authority was still a foreign sovereign represented by a Governor-General. This arrangement was common for many former British colonies, but the political climate in Malta shifted during the early 1970s toward a desire for complete autonomy.

On December 13, 1974, the Maltese Parliament voted to amend the constitution, fundamentally changing the country’s political structure. This revision replaced the Queen with a President as the Head of State. Sir Anthony Mamo, who had been serving as the Governor-General, was sworn in as the first President of the Republic of Malta. This transition was a peaceful legislative achievement that finalized the nation’s identity as a fully sovereign state while retaining its membership in the Commonwealth of Nations.

Why is Malta Republic Day important?

This day is a profound celebration of self-determination and national maturity. It represents the final step in Malta’s long journey toward managing its own affairs after centuries of rule by foreign powers, including the Romans, the Knights of St. John, the French, and the British. By establishing a republic, the Maltese people asserted that the ultimate authority of their land resides with its citizens. It is a day that reinforces the democratic values enshrined in their constitution and the civil liberties that protect the population.

Additionally, the holiday serves as a time to recognize excellence within the community. A central feature of the observance is the investiture ceremony held by the President, where the Ġieħ ir-Repubblika (Tribute to the Republic) awards are presented. These honors are bestowed upon Maltese citizens and sometimes foreign nationals who have demonstrated exceptional merit in their service to the country or humanity. It is a moment for the nation to pause and applaud the achievements of its scientists, artists, and public servants.

• It commemorates the shift from a monarchy to a republic.
• It honors the first President, Sir Anthony Mamo.
• It serves as a day to reward outstanding national service.
• It reinforces the distinct cultural and political identity of Malta.
• It unites the islands of Malta and Gozo in patriotic celebration.

How to Celebrate Malta Republic Day

Celebrating this day usually involves heading to the capital city, Valletta, where the official festivities are concentrated. The atmosphere is dignified yet festive, centered around St. George’s Square. Spectators gather to watch the military parade by the Armed Forces of Malta, a display of discipline and pageantry that includes the ceremonial “Trooping the Colour.” Following the parade, dignitaries proceed to the Republic Day Monument in Marsa for a solemn wreath-laying ceremony, paying respects to the history that paved the way for the current system of government.

For a more relaxed observation, many locals and visitors enjoy the public holiday by exploring the decorated streets of Valletta or gathering for a special meal. Traditional Maltese foods like pastizzi (flaky pastry filled with ricotta or mushy peas) or timpana (baked pasta pie) are popular choices for family lunches. The day often concludes with spectacular fireworks displays over the Grand Harbour, illuminating the historic fortifications with bursts of color that reflect in the Mediterranean Sea.

• Watch the military parade at St. George’s Square in Valletta.
• Visit the Republic Day Monument in Marsa.
• Enjoy a traditional Maltese lunch with family or friends.
• Watch the evening fireworks display over the Grand Harbour.
• Read about the 1974 constitutional amendments.

Malta Republic Day Dates Table