Sovereignty Day of Serbia

Sovereignty Day of Serbia, also known as Statehood Day, is observed annually on February 15. This national holiday serves as the most important date on the Serbian political calendar, commemorating the double anniversary of the start of the First Serbian Uprising in 1804 and the adoption of the first modern Serbian constitution in 1835. It is a day of national pride that marks the country’s long journey toward independence and the establishment of a modern, democratic state.

History of Sovereignty Day of Serbia

The first historical event associated with this day occurred on February 15, 1804, in the small village of Orašac. Led by Đorđe Petrović, known as Karađorđe, a group of Serbian leaders gathered to launch a revolt against the centuries-long rule of the Ottoman Empire. This First Serbian Uprising began the process of national liberation and is considered the birth of the modern Serbian state. Although the initial rebellion faced significant military challenges, it laid the foundation for future resistance and the eventual restoration of Serbian autonomy.

Exactly thirty-one years later, on February 15, 1835, the Sretenje Constitution was adopted in the city of Kragujevac. This document was one of the most liberal and progressive constitutions in Europe at the time, influenced by French and Belgian legal models. It introduced the division of power, established the rights of citizens, and sought to limit the absolute rule of the monarchy. While the constitution was short-lived due to pressure from conservative foreign powers, its adoption remains a symbol of Serbia’s historic commitment to civil liberties and the rule of law.

Why is Sovereignty Day of Serbia important?

This day is vital because it honors the intersection of military bravery and legal intellectualism. By celebrating both the 1804 uprising and the 1835 constitution, Serbia acknowledges that true sovereignty requires both the physical defense of territory and the establishment of a fair governing system. It serves as a bridge between the medieval Serbian kingdom and the modern republic, providing a sense of historical continuity for the Serbian people. The holiday reinforces the national identity by reminding citizens of the sacrifices made by their ancestors to secure a self-governed future.

The observance also emphasizes the importance of democratic values in the Balkan region. The Sretenje Constitution was a pioneering effort in a region still dominated by imperial powers, proving that the desire for parliamentary democracy was deeply rooted in the Serbian consciousness early on. Today, the holiday provides a platform for the state to recognize outstanding citizens through the awarding of medals and honors. It is a moment of reflection on the country’s progress and its ongoing role as a sovereign entity in the modern international community.

• It commemorates the start of the 1804 revolution against Ottoman rule.
• The day honors the creation of the first modern Serbian constitution in 1835.
• It serves as a symbol of the enduring spirit of Serbian independence.
• The holiday promotes the values of constitutionalism and civil rights.
• It provides a national occasion to honor individuals for their service to the state.

How to Celebrate Sovereignty Day of Serbia

The primary way to celebrate is by attending official state ceremonies, which often begin with a wreath-laying at the Monument to the Unknown Hero on Mount Avala. In the capital city of Belgrade, a central celebration is held where the President of Serbia delivers a speech and presents state decorations to distinguished individuals. Many people visit the historic site of Orašac to see the memorial complex where the First Uprising was planned. Military parades and guard changes at government buildings are also common sights that draw large crowds of spectators.

For the general public, the day is an opportunity for family gatherings and cultural exploration. Museums and historical galleries often offer free admission or host special exhibitions related to the Karađorđe era and the development of Serbian law. Since it is a non-working day for most, families often travel to significant historical landmarks or attend local folk festivals that feature traditional music and dance. Schools use the preceding days to teach students about the “Sretenje” period, ensuring that the younger generation understands the dual significance of the date.

• Attend a public wreath-laying ceremony at a local war memorial.
• Visit the village of Orašac to see where the 1804 uprising began.
• Watch the televised state awards ceremony hosted by the national government.
• Explore a museum exhibit focused on 19th-century Serbian history.
• Fly the national flag of Serbia to show patriotic support.

Sovereignty Day of Serbia Dates Table